A multi-center collaborative network for emergency medicine research at Kaiser Permanente.
Publications
Identifying lower-risk patients among the intermediate-risk group of a hs-cTn algorithm for chest pain evaluation.
DiLena DD, Huang J, Rauchwerger AS, Vinson DR, Durant EJ, Mark DM.
Acad Emerg Med. 2025;32(S1):pp [abstract pending]. In press.
Preemptive anticoagulation during antenatal pulmonary embolism diagnostics across 21 community medical centers.
Heringer GV, Campbell AR, Florio CJ, Qiao E, Middleton CE, Somers MJ, Stubblefield WB, Casey SD, Vinson DR.
Acad Emerg Med. 2025;32(S1):pp [abstract pending]. In press.
Clinician insight Into uncertainty communicated in pulmonary embolism diagnostic imaging: a qualitative analysis.
Westafer LM, Walsh PT, Helderman R, Strokes N, Vinson DR, Stubblefield W.
Acad Emerg Med. 2025;32(S1):pp [abstract pending]. In press.
Servent M, Casey SD, Stubblefield WB, Douillet D, Germini F, Penaloza A, Kabrhel C, Huisman MV, Vinson DR, Roy P, for the Emergency Advisory and Research International Board on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (EARTH).
J Thromb Haemost. 2025 Feb 09. Online ahead of print.
Presented at the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, June 2024.
Diagnostic Delays Are Common, and Classic Presentations Are Rare in Spinal Epidural Abscess.
Durant EJ, Copos S, Folck BF, Anderson M, Ghiya MS, Hofmann ER, Vuong P, Shan J, Kene M.
West J Emerg Med. 2025 Feb 24. Online ahead of print.
Davis GA, Anderson N, Babl FE, Ballard DW, et al.
Acta Paediatr. 2025 Feb 17. Online ahead of print.
Clutter DS, Thornton A, Ni Y, Hsiao C, Volk JE, Silverberg M, Lee-Rodriguez C, Luu MN, Bruno CB, Vinson DR, Srisuro A, Nugent J, Skarbinski J.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025;12(S1):abstract 213.
Presented at ID Week, October 2024, Los Angeles, CA
DiLena DD, Bouvet SC, Somers MJ, Merchant MA, Levin TR, Rauchwerger AS, Sax DR.
Int J Emerg Med. 2025 Feb 3. Online ahead of print.
Campbell AR, Florio CJ, Heringer GV, Woldemariam S, Casey SD, Stubblefield WB, Westafer LM, Qiao E, Middleton CE, Zekar L, Gupta N, Somers MJ, Reed ME, Roubinian NH, Pai AP, Sperling JD, Vinson DR.
Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2025 Jan 30. Online ahead of print.
Post-Telemedicine Acute Care for Undifferentiated High-Acuity Conditions: Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words?
Kene MV, Sax DR, Bhargava R, Somers MJ, Warton EM, Zhang JY, Rauchwerger AS, Reed ME.
Telemed J E Health. 2025 Jan 10. Online ahead of print.
Factors in initial anticoagulation choice in hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism.
Stubblefield WB, Helderman R, Strokes N, Greineder CF, Barnes GD, Vinson DR, Westafer LM.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2452877.
Evidence-Based Anticoagulation Choice for Acute Pulmonary Embolism.
Maughan BC, Kabrhel C, Jarman AF.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2452850.
Casey SD, Sax DR, Mark DG, Rana JS, Solomon MD, Huang J, Reed ME.
JACC Adv. 2024;3(6):100969.
Emergency Severity Index Version 4 and Triage of Pediatric Emergency Department Patients.
Sax DR, Warton EM, Kene MV, Ballard DW, Vitale TJ, Timm JA, Adams ES, McGauhey KR, Pines JM, Reed ME.
JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(10):1027-1034.
Casey SD, Greenhow TL, DiLena DD, Somers MJ, Nguyen T, Reed ME, Ballard DW.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024;31(S1):337 [abstract 762].
Child with right eye pain following streptococcal pharyngitis.
Campbell AR, Heringer GV, Yamagata AS, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024; 84(1):84-85.
An all-inclusive model for predicting invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants aged 7-60 days
Ballard DW, Huang J, Sharp AL, Mark DG, Nguyen THP, Young BR, Vinson DR, Van Winkle P, Kene MV, Rauchwerger AS, Zhang JY, Park SJ, Reed ME, Greenhow TL.
Pediatr Res. 2024;1-7.
Two CREST physicians—Scott D. Casey and David R. Vinson—help launch a new international VTE research collaborative
The Emergency Advisory and Research international board on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (EARTH)
Roy PM, Penaloza A, Germini F, Kline JA.
Eur J Emerg Med. 2024;31(6):376-377.
Vinson DR, Warton M, Durant EJ, Rauchwerger AS, DiLena DD, Solomon MD, Kea B, Reed ME, Mark DG.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024;31(S1):189 [abstract 397].
Health Care Utilization With Telemedicine and In-Person Visits in Pediatric Primary Care.
Casey SD, Huang J, Parry DD, Lieu TA, Reed ME.
JAMA Health Forum. 2024;5(11):e244156.
Addressing the rising trend of pulmonary embolism mortality: Clinical and research priorities
Casey SD, Stubblefield WB, Luijten D, Klok FA, Westafer LM, Vinson DR, Kabrhel C.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024;31(3):288-292.
Sax DR, Kene MV, Huang J, Gopalan A, Reed ME.
J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Jul 12. 12 July 2024;(39):2446-2453.
Isolated volar radioulnar joint dislocation with associated ulnar styloid fracture.
Israelyan A, Chiang J, Cooper KC, Lew VL, Murphey GC, Durant E.
Cureus. 2024;16(6):e61977.
Management of High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department: A Narrative Review.
Rouleau SG, Casey SD, Kabrhel C, Vinson DR, Long B.
Am J Emerg Med. 2024;79:1-11.
End the delay in adopting Electronic Record Exchange between EMS and EDs.
Ballard D, Vinson D.
Emerg Med News. 2024;46(8):1,22.
Stubblefield WB, Helderman R, Strokes N, Greineder CF, Vinson DR, Westafer LM.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(4S):S7-S8 [abstract 17].
Leung CJ, Bhatt AS, Go AS, Parikh RV, Garcia EA, Le KC, Low D, Allen AR, Fitzpatrick JK, Adatya S, Sax DR, Goyal P, Varshney AS, Sandhu AT, Gustafson SE, Ambrosy AP.
J Card Fail. 2024; S1071-9164(24)00147-7
Systemic thrombolysis is still the first-line treatment for unstable pulmonary embolism.
Rouleau SG, Casey SD, Kabrhel C, Long B, Vinson DR.
JACC Adv. 2024 Aug, 3 (8) 101068.
Ruling out pulmonary embolism safely: standardized reporting of the failure rate.
Freund Y, Kabrhel C, Casey SD, Vinson DR, Stubblefield WB, Kline JA, Douillet D, Germini F, Penaloza A, Hugli O, Roy PM, de Wit K, for the Emergency Advisory and Research international board on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (EARTH).
Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Nov 27. Online ahead of print.
Vinson DR, Warton EM, Durant EJ, Mark DG, Ballard DW, Hofmann ER, Sax DR, Kene MV, Lin JS, Poth LS, Ghiya MS, Ganapathy A, Whiteley PM, Bouvet SC, Rauchwerger AS, Zhang J, Shan J, DiLena DD, Kea B, Pai AS, Loyles JB, Solomon MD, Go AS, Reed ME.
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(11):e2443097.
Safety of treating acute pulmonary embolism at home: an individual patient data meta-analysis.
Luijten D, Douillet D, Luijken K, Tromeur C, Penaloza A, Hugli O, Aujesky D, Barco S, Bledsoe JR, Chang KE, Couturaud F, den Exter PL, Font C, Huisman MV, Jimenez D, Kabrhel C, Kline JA, Konstantinides S, van Mens T, Otero R, Peacock WF, Sanchez O, Stubblefield WB, Valerio L, Vinson DR, Wells P, van Smeden M, Roy PM, Klok FA.
Eur Heart J. 2024; ehae378.
Vinson DR, Roubinian NH, Pai AP, Sperling J.
Eur Heart J–Case Reports. 2024;8(9):ytae441.
Servent M, Casey SD, Stubblefield W, Douillet D, Germini F, Penaloza A, Kabrhel C, Huisman M, Vinson DR, Roy P.
Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2024;8(S2):775 [abstract PB0933].
Shifts in diagnostic testing for headache in the emergency department, 2015 to 2021.
Mark DG, Horton BH, Reed ME.
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e247373.
Hamilton SA, Ambrosy AP, Parikh RV, Tan TC, Fitzpatrick JK, Avula HR, Sandhu AT, Ku IA, Go AS, Sax D, Bhatt AS.
ESC Heart Fail. 2024 May 13. Online ahead of print.
Perry, R, Casey, SD, Lee, A, Bowditch, S, Rasmussen, M, Sethi, V, Panigrahi, A.
Case Reports in Pediatrics. 2024; 8829060-65.
Optimizing the Use of Pulmonary Embolism Severity Indices in Electronic Clinical Decision Support.
Vinson DR, Rouleau SG, Casey SD, Stubblefield WB, Westafer LM.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(3):333-334.
Ragavan M, Somers MJ, Reed M, Dang A, Yang M, Huang T, Vinson D, Sakoda L, Triplett C, Liu R.
J Thorac Oncol. 2024;19(10):S424.
Qiao E, Campbell AR, Heringer GV, Florio CJ, Somers MJ, Sperling JD, Roubinian NH, Vinson DR, for the KP CREST Network.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(4S):S131 [abstract 282].
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed.
Chaudhry A, Durant EJ, Varela NS, Shiu JW, Newton GW.
Perm J. 2024;0(0)1-4.
Najarro M, Rodríguez C, Morillo R, Jara-Palomares L, Vinson DR, Muriel A, Álvarez-Mon M, Yusen RD, Bikdeli B, Jimenez D.
Arch. Bronconeumol. 2024;60(6):344-349.
Sax DR, Mark DM, Rana JS, Huang J, Casey SD, Norris RP, Tillage V, Reed ME.
ESC Heart Fail. 2024 Dec;11(6):4432-4436.
In Reply to Satici’s Letter re: Our Study on Predictors of Low-risk PE Hospitalization.
Casey SD, Zekar L, Somers MJ, Westafer LM, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(3):330-331.
Vinson DR, Somers MJ, Qiao E, Campbell AR, Heringer GV, Florio CJ, Zekar L, Middleton CE, Woldemariam S, Gupta N, Poth LS, Reed ME, Roubinian NH, Raja AS, Sperling JD.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Nov 17. Online ahead of print.
Middleton CE, Zekar L, Woldemariam ST, Qiao E, Somers MJ, Gupta N, Poth LS, Sperling JD, Roubinian NH, Vinson DR, for the KP CREST Network.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(4S):S81 [abstract 173].
DiLena DD, Warton EM, Vinson DR, Siqueiros MH, Rauchwerger AS, Mark DG, Skarbinski J, Choletti SM, Durant EJ, Reed ME, Ballard DW.
J Intern Med. 2024;295(4):569-571.
Presented at the American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, November 2023.
Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients With Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Sabouri AH, Yurgionas B, Khorasan S, Durant EJ, Kafaie J, Hung YY, Klingman JG, Nemazie S.
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(8):e2427464.
Nguyen T, Farshidpour LS, Gupta N, Somers MJ, Ma AA, Hofmann ER, Sax DR, Zhang JY, DiLena DD, Reed ME, Vinson DR, for the KP CREST Network.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(4S):S80-S81 [abstract 172].
Mark DG, Huang J, Ballard DW, Vinson DR, Rana JS, Sax DR, Rauchwerger AS, Reed ME.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcome. 2024;17(6):e010457.
DiLena DD, Durant EJ, Warton M, Reed ME, Rauchwerger AS, Skarbinski J, Siqueiros MH, Cholleti SM, Mark DG, Vinson DR, Ballard DW.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024;31(S1):348-349 [abstract 788].
Heringer GV, Vinson DR.
Int J Emerg Med. 2024;17(148).
Casey SD, Lieu T, Reed ME, Huang J, Parry DD.
Ann Emerg Med. 2024;84(4S):S64 [abstract 137].
Roubinian NH, Green J, Liu VX, Lee C, Mark DG, Vinson DR, et al, for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-P (REDS-IV).
Transfusion. 2024;64(1):53-67.
Roubinian NH, Green J, Liu VX, Lee C, Mark DG, Vinson DR, et al, for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-P (REDS-IV).
Transfusion. 2023 Dec 06. Online ahead of print.
Disposition of emergency department patients with acute pulmonary embolism after ambulance arrival.
Rouleau SG, Campbell AR, Huang J, Reed ME, Vinson DR; on behalf of the KP CREST Network.
J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2023;4:e13068.
Risk factors for recurrent emergency care utilization for flares in inflammatory bowel disease
Hassid BG, Wei J, Sax D, Velayos FS.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;31:28–35.
Physicians’ Perceptions of Clinical Decision Support to Treat Patients With Heart Failure in the ED.
Casey SD, Reed ME, LeMaster CH, Mark DG, Gaskin J, Norris RP, Sax DR.
JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2344393.
Luijten D, Douillet D, Tromeur C, Penaloza A, Hugli O, Barco S, Bledsoe J, den Exter P, Font C, Huisman M, Chang K, Kline J, Konstantinides S, Luijken K, Otero R, Sanchez O, Vinson D, van Smeden M, Roy P, Klok E.
Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2023;7(S2):100657 [abstract OC 40.2].
Durant EJ, Fetterolf SM, Engelhart DC, Farshidpour LS, Shan J, Hung YY, Chang JC, Roudsari BS, Vinson DR.
J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2023; 10.1177/23821205231213218.
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, New Orleans, May 2022.
Vinson DR, Rouleau SG, Ballard DW.
Emerg Med News. 2023;45(11B):10.1097.
Implementation and effectiveness of a physician-focused peer support program
Tolins ML, Rana JS, Lippert S, LeMaster C, Kimura YF, Sax DR.
PLOS ONE. 2023;18(11):e0292917.
Risk of Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants Aged 7-90 Days With COVID-19
Greenhow T, Somers M, Zhang J, Nguyen T, Vinson D, Mark D, Rauchwerger A, Reed M, Ballard D.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(4S):S75-76 [abstract 167].
Lippert S, Yu R, Tucker LY, Rabbani J, Rauchwerger A, Kene M.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(4S):S111 [abstract 245].
Parikh RV, Go AS, Bhatt AS, Tan TC, Allen AR, Feng KY, Hamilton SA, Tai AS, Fitzpatrick JK, Lee KK, Adatya S, Avula HR, Sax DR, Shen X, Cristino J, Sandhu AT, Heidenreich PA, Ambrosy AP.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(19):e029736.
Casey SD, Zekar L, Somers MJ, Westafer LM, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(3):369-380.
Westafer LM, Jessen E, Boccio E, Zampi M, Casey SD, Lindenauer PK, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(3):381-393.
Mark DG, Huang J, Lee KK, Sax DR, Kene MV, Ballard DW, Vinson DR, Reed ME.
JACC Adv. 2023;2(7):100558.
Greenhow TL, Nguyen THP, Young BR, Somers MJ, Huang J, Alabaster AL, Vinson DR, Mark DG, Van Winkle PJ, Sharp AL, Reed ME, Shan J, Zhang JY, Rauchwerger AS, Ballard DW.
Perm J. 2023;27(3):92-98.
Rouleau SG, Balasubramanian MJ, Huang J, Antognini T, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2326898.
Rana J, Huang J, Mark D, Reed M, Sax DS.
Presented at the ESC Preventive Cardiology Congress, Malaga, Spain, 2023.
Sax DS, Warton EM, Sofrygin O, Mark DG, Ballard DW, Kene MV, Vinson DR, Reed ME.
J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2023;4:e13003.
Atrial fibrillation triggered by cold drinks: increasing clinician and patient awareness [letter].
Vinson DR, Campbell AR, Qiao E.
Proc (Baylor Univ Med Cent). 2023;36(4):540-541.
Bouvet S, Zhang JY, Rauchwerger AS, Somers MJ, Merchant M, Sax DR.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):367-368 [abstract 792].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Mark DG, Horton BH, Reed ME.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):38 [abstract 65].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Surveillance for low-risk patients with subsegmental PE: prevalence and eligibility.
Rouleau SG, Balasubramanian MJ, Antognini TX, Huang J, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):328-329 [abstract 705].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Kea B, Warton M, Kinney E, Kutz C, Ballard DW, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):15-16 [abstract 18].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Vinson DR, Warton M, Hofmann ER, Durant EJ, Rauchwerger AS, Zhang JY, Reed ME, Mark DG.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):63 [abstract 119].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Zhang JY, Warton M, Reed ME. Rauchwerger AS, Vitale-McDowell TJ, McGauhey KR, Ballard DW, Kene MV, Sax DR.
Acad Emerg Med. 2023;30(S1):233 [abstract 491].
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Letter to the editor: “Clinical controversies in the management of acute pulmonary embolism".
Casey SD, Rouleau SG, Vinson DR, Roubinian NH.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2023;17(6):425-426.
Developing Consensus on Clinical Outcomes for Children with Mild Pneumonia: A Delphi Study
Florin TA, Melnikow J, Gosdin M, Ciuffetelli R, Benedetti J, Ballard DW, Gausche-Hill M, Kronman MP, Martin LA, Mistry RD, Neuman MI, Palazzi DL, Patel SJ, Self WH, Shah SS, Shah SN, Sirota S, Cruz AT, Ruddy R, Gerber JS, Kuppermann N.
Westafer LM, Jessen E, Boccio E, Zampi M, Casey SD, Lindenauer PK, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(3):381-393.
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, New Orleans, May 2022.
Casey SD, Zekar L, Somers MJ, Westafer LM, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023 Apr 5 [online ahead of print].
To be presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, Austin, May 2023
Vinson DR, Rauchwerger AS, Karadi CA, Shan J, Zhang JY, Warton EM, Ballard DW, Mark DG, Hofmann ER, Cotton DM, Durant EJ, Lin JS, Sax DR, Poth LS, Bouvet SC, Gamboa SH, Ghiya MS, Kene MV, Ganapathy A, Whiteley PM, Babakhanian L, Kwok E, Solomon MD, Go AS, Reed ME, & on behalf of the Kaiser Permanente CREST Network.
Trials. 2023;24:246.
Evaluation of Version 4 of the Emergency Severity Index in US Emergency Departments for the Rate of Mistriage.
Sax DR, Warton EM, Mark DG, Vinson DR, Kene MV, Ballard DW, McGaughey KR, Vitale TJ, Beardsley A, Pines JM, Reed ME, Kaiser Permanente CREST Network Investigators.
JAMA Netw Open. 2023; 6(3):e233404.
CT Use Reduction In Ostensive Ureteral Stone (CURIOUS).
Durant EJ, Engelhart DC, Ma AA, Warton EM, Arasu V, Bernal RM, Rauchwerger AS, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Am J Emerg Med. 2023;67:168-175.
Presented at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, New Orleans, May 2022
Roubinian NH, Vinson DR, Pai AP, Myers LC, Skarbinski J, Lee C, Mark DG, Liu VX.
Chest. 2023;164(1):215-218.
Bilateral tubal pregnancies presenting 11 days apart: a case report.
Farshidpour LS, Vinson DR, Durant EJ.
Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2023;7(1):11-15.
Mark DG, Huang J, Sonne DC, Rauchwerger AS, Reed ME.
Neurocrit Care. 2023 Jun;38(3):761-770.
Using AAP guidelines to manage febrile infants without C-reactive protein and procalcitonin.
Nguyen THP, Young BR, Alabaster A, Vinson DR, Mark DG, Van Winkle PJ, Sharp AL, Shan J, Rauchwerger AS, Greenhow T, Ballard DW.
Pediatrics. 2023;151(1):e2022058495.
Roubinian NH, Vinson DR, Knudson-Fitzpatrick TW, Mark DG, Skarbinski J, Lee C, Liu VX, Pai AP.
Blood Adv. 2023;7(1):141-144.
CTEPH: A Kaiser Permanente Northern California experience
Kong J, Hardwick A, Jiang SF, Sun K, Vinson DR, McGlothlin DP, Goh CH.
Thromb Res. 2023;221:130-136.
Treatment for Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed in Primary Care
Vinson DR, Rangarajan S, Hofmann ER.
Am Fam Physician. 2022;106(5).
Easton-Carr RB, Durant EJ, Nguyen AH.
Am J Case Rep. 2022;23:e938559.
Walia H, Tucker LS, Manickam RN, Kene MV, Sharp AL, Berdahl CT, Hirschtritt ME.
Perm J. 2022:27(1).
A case report of cold drinks and food as a trigger of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Lien IC, Vinson DR, Ramalingam ND, Nicole Tran H, Liu TI.
Perm J. 2022;26(4):110-113.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Telephone and Video Telemedicine Utilization for Adult Patients with Emergency Department-Sensitive Conditions in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Zhang JY, Kene MV, Warton EM, Somers MJ, Rauchwerger AS, Reed ME, Sax DR.
Presented at Annual Meeting and Expo, American Public Health Association, November, 2022.
Sax DR, Sturmer LR, Mark DG, Rana JS, Reed ME.
Diagnostics. 2022;12(10):2463.
Presented at the Research Forum, American College of Emergency Physicians, San Francisco, October, 2022.
Rouleau S, Campbell AR, Huang J, Reed ME, Vinson DR.
Ann Emerg Med. 2022;80(4S):S110 [abstract 251].
Presented at the Research Forum, American College of Emergency Physicians, San Francisco, October, 2022.